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TNM and Stage Groupings > Esophagus
Esophagus
Primary Tumor (T)
| T Category |
Stage Category Definitions |
| TX |
Primary tumor cannot be assessed |
| T0 |
No evidence of primary tumor |
| Tis |
High-grade dysplasia * |
| T1 |
Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa |
| T1a |
Tumor invades lamina propria or muscularis mucosae |
| T1b |
Tumor invades submucosa |
| T2 |
Tumor invades muscularis propria |
| T3 |
Tumor invades adventitia |
| T4 |
Tumor invades adjacent structures |
| T4a |
Resectable tumor invading pleura, pericardium, or diaphragm |
| T4b |
Unresectable tumor invading other adjacent structures, such as aorta, vertebral
body, trachea, etc. |
*High-grade dysplasia includes all non-invasive neoplastic epithelium that was formerly
called carcinoma in situ, a diagnosis that is no longer used for columnar mucosae
anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract.
Regional Lymph Nodes (N)
| N Category |
Stage Category Definitions |
| NX |
Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed |
| N0 |
No regional lymph node metastasis |
| N1 |
Regional lymph node metastases involving 1 to 2 nodes |
| N2 |
Regional lymph node metastases involving 3 to 6 nodes |
| N3 |
Regional lymph node metastases involving 7 or more nodes |
Distant Metastasis (M)
| M Category |
Stage Category Definitions |
| M1 |
Distant metastasis |
No distant metastasis (no pathologic M0; use clinical M to complete stage group)
Anatomic Stage/Prognostic Groups - Squamous Cell Carcinoma*
| Stage |
T |
N |
M |
Grade |
Tumor Location** |
| 0 |
Tis (HGD) |
N0 |
M0 |
1 |
Any |
| IA |
T1 |
N0 |
M0 |
1, X |
Any |
| IB |
T1 |
N0 |
M0 |
2-3 |
Any |
| IB |
T2-3 |
N0 |
M0 |
1, X |
Lower, X |
| IIA |
T2-3 |
N0 |
M0 |
1, X |
Upper, middle |
| IIA |
T2-3 |
N0 |
M0 |
2-3 |
Lower, X |
| IIB |
T2-3 |
N0 |
M0 |
2-3 |
Upper, middle |
| IIB |
T1-2 |
N1 |
M0 |
Any |
Any |
| IIIA |
T1-2 |
N2 |
M0 |
Any |
Any |
| IIIA |
T3 |
N1 |
M0 |
Any |
Any |
| IIIA |
T4a |
N0 |
M0 |
Any |
Any |
| IIIB |
T3 |
N2 |
M0 |
Any |
Any |
| IIIC |
T4a |
N1-2 |
M0 |
Any |
Any |
| IIIC |
T4b |
Any |
M0 |
Any |
Any |
| IIIC |
Any |
N3 |
M0 |
Any |
Any |
| IV |
Any |
Any |
M1 |
Any |
Any |
* or mixed histology including a squamous component or NOS
** Location of the primary cancer site is defined by the position of the
upper (proximal) edge of the tumor in the esophagus
Anatomic Stage/Prognostic Groups - Adenocarcinoma
| Stage |
T |
N |
M |
Grade |
|
| 0 |
Tis (HGD) |
N0 |
M0 |
1, X |
|
| IA |
T1 |
N0 |
M0 |
1-2, X |
|
| IB |
T1 |
N0 |
M0 |
3 |
|
| IB |
T2 |
N0 |
M0 |
1-2, X |
|
| IIA |
T2 |
N0 |
M0 |
3 |
|
| IIB |
T3 |
N0 |
M0 |
Any |
|
| IIB |
T1-2 |
N1 |
M0 |
Any |
|
| IIIA |
T1-2 |
N2 |
M0 |
Any |
|
| IIIA |
T3 |
N1 |
M0 |
Any |
|
| IIIA |
T4a |
N0 |
M0 |
Any |
|
| IIIB |
T3 |
N2 |
M0 |
Any |
|
| IIIC |
T4a |
N1-2 |
M0 |
Any |
|
| IIIC |
T4b |
Any |
M0 |
Any |
|
| IIIC |
Any |
N3 |
M0 |
Any |
|
| IV |
Any |
Any |
M1 |
Any |
|
