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TNM and Stage Groupings > Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses
Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses
Primary Tumor (T)
| T Category |
Stage Category Definitions |
| TX |
Primary tumor cannot be assessed |
| T0 |
No evidence of primary tumor |
| Tis |
Carcinoma in situ |
Primary Tumor (T) - Maxillary Sinus
| T Category |
Stage Category Definitions |
| T1 |
Tumor limited to maxillary sinus mucosa with no erosion or destruction of bone |
| T2 |
Tumor causing bone erosion or destruction includ ing extension into the hard
palate and/or middle nasal meatus, except extension to posterior wall of
maxillary sinus and pterygoid plates |
| T3 |
Tumor invades any of the following: bone of the posterior wall of maxillary sinus,
subcutaneous tissues, floor or medial wall of orbit, pterygoid fossa, ethmoid
sinuses |
| T4a |
Moderately advanced local disease.
Tumor invades anterior orbital contents, skin of cheek, pterygoid plates,
infratemporal fossa, cribriform plate, sphenoid or frontal sinuses |
| T4b |
Very advanced local disease.
Tumor invades any of the following: orbital apex, dura, brain, middle cranial
fossa, cranial nerves other than maxillary division of trigeminal nerve (V 2 ),
nasopharynx, or clivus |
Primary Tumor (T) - Nasal Cavity and Ethmoid Sinus
| T Category |
Stage Category Definitions |
| T1 |
Tumor restricted to any one subsite, with or without bony invasion |
| T2 |
Tumor invading two subsites in a single region or extending to involve an
adjacent region within the nasoethmoidal complex, with or without bony
invasion |
| T3 |
Tumor extends to invade the medial wall or floor of the orbit, maxillary sinus,
palate, or cribriform plate |
| T4a |
Moderately advanced local disease.
Tumor invades any of the following: anterior orbital contents, skin of nose or
cheek, minimal extension to anterior cranial fossa, pterygoid plates,
sphenoid or frontal sinuses |
| T4b |
Very advanced local disease.
Tumor invades any of the following: orbital apex, dura, brain, middle cranial
fossa, cranial nerves other than (V 2 ), nasopharynx, or clivus |
Regional Lymph Nodes (N)
| N Category |
Stage Category Definitions |
| NX |
Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed |
| N0 |
No regional lymph node metastasis |
| N1 |
Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or less in greatest dimension |
| N2 |
Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, more than 3 cm but not more than
6 cm in greatest dimension, or in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, none
more than 6 cm in greatest dimension, or in bilateral or contralateral lymph
nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension |
| N2a |
Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, more than 3 cm but not more than
6 cm in greatest dimension |
| N2b |
Metastasis in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest
dimension |
| N2c |
Metastasis in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in
greatest dimension |
| N3 |
Metastasis in a lymph node, more than 6 cm in greatest dimension |
Distant Metastasis (M)
| M Category |
Stage Category Definitions |
| M1 |
Distant metastasis |
No distant metastasis (no pathologic M0; use clinical M to complete stage group)
Anatomic Stage/Prognostic Groups
| Stage |
T |
N |
M |
| 0 |
Tis |
N0 |
M0 |
| I |
T1 |
N0 |
M0 |
| II |
T2 |
N0 |
M0 |
| III |
T3 |
N0 |
M0 |
| III |
T1 |
N1 |
M0 |
| III |
T2 |
N1 |
M0 |
| III |
T3 |
N1 |
M0 |
| IVA |
T4a |
N0 |
M0 |
| IVA |
T4a |
N1 |
M0 |
| IVA |
T1 |
N2 |
M0 |
| IVA |
T2 |
N2 |
M0 |
| IVA |
T3 |
N2 |
M0 |
| IVA |
T4a |
N2 |
M0 |
| IVB |
T4b |
Any N |
M0 |
| IVB |
Any T |
N3 |
M0 |
| IVC |
Any T |
Any N |
M1 |
